Physical Inactivity in Hawaii

Hawaii

Many adults spend a large portion of their time sedentary (sitting for prolonged periods) despite the benefits of regular physical activity. A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that 8.3% of deaths of nondisabled adults age 25 and older were attributed to physical inactivity. 

Being physically active and reducing sedentary behavior improves health at all ages. Regular physical activity (at least 150 minutes a week) is associated with reduced risk of:

• Cardiovascular diseases, such as heart disease and stroke.
• Hypertension.
• Type 2 diabetes.
• Certain cancers, including bladder, breast and colon cancer.
• Dementia.
• Anxiety and depression.

A recent analysis found that costs associated with physical inactivity account for more than 12.6% of total health care expenditures in the United States, totaling $192 billion annually.

According to America’s Health Rankings analysis, the prevalence of physical inactivity is higher among:

• Women compared with men. 
• Adults age 65 and older compared with younger adults; the prevalence of physical inactivity is significantly higher with each increase in age group.
• Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska Native and Black adults compared with white, multiracial and Asian adults.
• Adults with less than a high school education, who have a prevalence more than three times that of college graduates; the prevalence of physical inactivity is lower with each increase in education level.
• Adults with an annual household income less than $25,000, who have a prevalence more than four times that of adults with incomes of $150,000 or more; the prevalence of physical inactivity is lower with each increase in income level.
• Adults living in nonmetropolitan areas compared with those in metropolitan areas.
• Adults who have difficulty with self-care, who have a prevalence more than three times that of adults without a disability.

The Department of Health and Human Services’ Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends that adults move more and sit less throughout the day, and that some physical activity is better than none. A 2022 study found that 110,000 deaths in the U.S. could be prevented each year if adults age 40 and older increased their moderate-to-vigorous physical activity by just 10 minutes per day. Physical activity recommendations for adults include:

• At least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity (or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity) aerobic physical activity, such as running, riding a bike, dancing or swimming.
• Muscle-strengthening activities involving all major muscle groups two or more days a week.

The CDC has several community-level recommendations to increase physical activity, including built environment approaches that make it easier and safer for people to walk, run, bike or take transit to get where they need to go.

The Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) found that the median economic benefit of improved health from creating or enhancing access to parks, trails and greenways was $3.10 for each dollar invested. Additionally, the CPSTF provides a list of strategies to increase physical activity, including worksite digital health and telephone interventions.

Healthy People 2030 has several objectives related to physical activity, including: 

• Reducing the proportion of adults who do no physical activity in their free time.
• Increasing the proportion of adults who do enough aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity.
• Increasing the proportion of worksites that offer employee physical activity programs.

Carlson, Susan A., E. Kathleen Adams, Zhou Yang, and Janet E. Fulton. “Percentage of Deaths Associated With Inadequate Physical Activity in the United States.” Preventing Chronic Disease 15 (March 29, 2018): 170354. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd18.170354.

Jacob, Verughese, Jeffrey A. Reynolds, Sajal K. Chattopadhyay, David P. Hopkins, David R. Brown, Heather M. Devlin, Austin Barrett, et al. “Parks, Trails, and Greenways for Physical Activity: A Community Guide Systematic Economic Review.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 66, no. 6 (June 2024): 1089–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2024.01.021.

Matjasko, Jennifer L., Zhuo Chen, Geoffrey P. Whitfield, Laurie P. Whitsel, Ken Rose, and Kakoli Roy. “Inadequate Aerobic Physical Activity and Healthcare Expenditures in the United States: An Updated Cost Estimate.” American Journal of Health Promotion 39, no. 7 (September 2025): 1085–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/08901171251357128.

Saint-Maurice, Pedro F., Barry I. Graubard, Richard P. Troiano, David Berrigan, Deborah A. Galuska, Janet E. Fulton, and Charles E. Matthews. “Estimated Number of Deaths Prevented Through Increased Physical Activity Among US Adults.” JAMA Internal Medicine 182, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 349. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.7755.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd Edition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018. https://health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/Physical_Activity_Guidelines_2nd_edition.pdf.

Yang, Lin, Chao Cao, Elizabeth D. Kantor, Long H. Nguyen, Xiaobin Zheng, Yikyung Park, Edward L. Giovannucci, Charles E. Matthews, Graham A. Colditz, and Yin Cao. “Trends in Sedentary Behavior Among the US Population, 2001-2016.” JAMA 321, no. 16 (April 23, 2019): 1587. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.3636.