Data Source Descriptions

American Community Survey

is an ongoing statistical survey coordinated by the U.S. Census Bureau that provides detailed information on U.S. population demographics. Data are derived from the bureau directly via its 1-year

and 5-year

datasets.

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

is the nation's largest phone-based population survey. The survey, coordinated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in collaboration with states, territories and federal agency sponsors, provides information about health-related risk behaviors, chronic health conditions and use of preventive services. Data are accessed via the BRFSS

website.

Bureau of Labor Statistics

’ Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS)

program produces monthly and annual employment, unemployment, and labor force data by place of residence. Data are obtained from the LAUS Expanded State Employment Status Demographic Data

dataset.

CDC WONDER

is a query system for analyzing public-use data for U.S. births and deaths, among other topics. The data are produced by the National Center for Health Statistics. Data are obtained from the Multiple Cause of Death

, Linked Birth/Infant Death

, Natality

and Single-Race Population Estimates

files.

Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES)

is a non-profit environmental policy think tank that produces data and reports on climate basics, solutions and policies. Data are obtained from the C2ES State Electricity Portfolio Standards

.

Child Care Aware of America

is a non-profit organization that focuses on child care availability, quality and accessibility. Data on the cost of child care across states are published in their annual The U.S. and the High Price of Child Care

report.

Children’s Bureau

is a federal office of the Administration for Children and Families dedicated to improving the health and well-being of children and families. Data are obtained from two of the annual reports they produce: Child Maltreatment

and Child Welfare Outcomes

.

Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS)

data is produced by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Office of Policy Development and Research, which manages specific housing data from the American Community Survey. These data demonstrate the extent of housing problems and needs, particularly for low-income households. Data are accessed via the Consolidated Planning/CHAS Data

website.

Current Population Survey

is an ongoing statistical survey sponsored jointly by the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics that collects information monthly about employment, earnings and education in the nation. Voting data are obtained from their Voting and Registration Supplement

. Data are available every two years following national elections.

Federally Available Data

(FAD) on measures of maternal and child health national outcomes and performance are collected and distributed by the Health Resources and Services Administration’s Maternal and Child Health Bureau

. Data are from various sources, including the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) and the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). All FAD data are available to download in the FAD Resource Document

.

Guttmacher Institute

is a research and policy non-profit organization committed to advancing sexual and reproductive health and rights in the U.S. and around the world. Data were obtained from the Publicly Supported Family Planning Services in the United States: Likely Need, Availability and Impact, 2016

report.

March of Dimes

is a long-standing non-profit advocacy organization for maternal and infant health. Their Perinatal Data Center

provides access to maternal and infant health data for the U.S. Data for this report were obtained via a special request to the March of Dimes Perinatal Data Center.

Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC™)

is a CDC-administered biennial survey of breastfeeding support and maternity care in U.S. hospitals. Data are obtained from the mPINC State Reports

website.

National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP) Atlas

allows users to create customized tables, maps and charts using more than 15 years of surveillance data on HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis and social determinants of health. Data are obtained via the NCHHSTP AtlasPlus

interactive website.

National Immunization Surveys

are a set of ongoing phone surveys conducted by the CDC that collect information on flu vaccinations for children ages 6 months to 17 years, and other vaccination coverage among children 19-35 months old and teens ages 13-17, and. Breastfeeding information is also collected from households with children ages 19-35 months. Data are obtained from VaxView

and the Breastfeeding Rates

websites.

National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES)

is a registry developed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to improve the efficiency of electronic health information transmission. NPPES assigns a unique National Provider Identifier (NPI)

number to covered health care providers and health plans to conduct all administrative and financial transactions under HIPAA, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Data are accessed via the NPI files

website.

National Survey of Children’s Health

is an annual survey on children’s health and access to health care, funded and directed by the Health Resources & Services Administration’s Maternal and Child Health Bureau. The respondent is a parent or guardian who knows about the child’s health and health care needs. Data for this report are obtained via the Maternal and Child Health Bureau

. The survey data are also published annually on the U.S. Census Bureau’s

website.

National Survey on Drug Use and Health

measures the use of illegal drugs, prescription drugs, alcohol, tobacco, mental disorders, treatment and co-occurring substance use and mental disorders at national, state and sub-state levels. The survey is sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Data are obtained via the State Estimates of Mental Health and Substance Use

and the 2-Year Restricted-Use Data Analysis System

.

Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)

, sponsored by the CDC in collaboration with states, collects state-specific population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during and shortly after pregnancy. Data are obtained via a request

to the CDC.

Uniform Crime Reporting Program

, managed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, generates nationwide crime statistics based on voluntary reports from all levels of law enforcement. The program’s annual Crime in the U.S.

report includes the number and rate of violent and property crime offenses in the nation and by state. Data are accessed via the Crime Data Explorer

.

U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s)

Economic Research Service analyzes data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey Food Security Supplements to create the Household Food Security in the United States

report. This report provides national statistics on food security, household food spending and the use of federal food and nutrition assistance by food-insecure households. USDA also provides data on its Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), including participation, eligibility and coverage via the WIC Eligibility and Coverage Rates

website.

U.S. Department of Education

produces many data products through the National Center for Education Statistics, which is the primary federal entity for collecting and analyzing data related to education. Data products include the Common Core of Data

and the Nation’s Report Card

(data obtained via the NAEP Report Card: Reading

). The agency also funds the National Center for Homeless Education

. Student homelessness data are obtained via their Data and Statistics

website.

U.S. Energy Information Administration

provides information on energy markets, production and more. Data are obtained via their State Energy Data System

, which tracks state energy consumption, prices and expenditures.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

performs various federal research, monitoring, standard-setting and enforcement activities to ensure environmental protection. Data from this agency include the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) model, which uses the Toxic Release Inventory to quantify toxic release as it relates to population health (data obtained via the EasyRSEI Dashboard

). National Safe Drinking Water Act data is reported by states and compiled from the Safe Drinking Water Information System

database for public water systems (data obtained via the Enforcement and Compliance History Online

website). State-level air pollution data are obtained via a special request to the agency.

Water Fluoridation Reporting System

of the CDC’s Division of Oral Health monitors community water systems receiving optimally fluoridated drinking water. The division provides national- and state-level water fluoridation statistics from the Fluoridation Statistics

website.

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS)

surveys students in grades nine through 12 every two years for health-related behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death and disability in the U.S. Data are accessed via the CDC’s YRBSS Youth Online

tool.