Severe Housing Problems in Wisconsin

Wisconsin

Housing influences health and well-being. Those lacking at least one basic household necessity (bathtub/shower, sink with faucet, stove or refrigerator) have higher rates of being uninsured. Poor quality of housing can cause disease and injury, while other housing-related factors such as neighborhood environment and overcrowding can lead to mental and physical health problems. 

Housing issues that can impact health include, but are not limited to:

• Affordability: Cost-burdened families may have difficulty affording other basic needs such as health care, food and heat. Individuals who have difficulty affording housing are more likely to report fair or poor health, certain chronic conditions and nonadherence to prescriptions due to cost.
• Hazards: Hazards in the home, such as lead paint, allergens, water leaks, poor ventilation and inadequate heating, cooling or plumbing, are associated with poor respiratory health and disease, increased risk of cardiovascular conditions and developmental delays in children. 
• Overcrowding: Defined as housing with multiple occupants per room, overcrowding is associated with an increased risk of poor mental health and infectious disease.

Those with a greater risk of experiencing housing-related health conditions include: 

• Low-income families and individuals.
• Racial/ethnic minorities.
• Renters.
• Children and older adults.

Evidence supports various interventions to prevent and minimize the impact of housing problems on health. Healthy Home programs have improved health by remedying hazardous housing conditions, such as lead hazards, inadequate ventilation and excess moisture. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offers more information and guidelines in their Healthy Housing Reference Manual, a comprehensive resource for public health and housing professionals. The National Low Income Housing Coalition provides additional resources and policy recommendations for housing challenges.

Increasing affordable housing options through local and national housing development policies, rental vouchers and subsidized housing programs can help cost-burdened individuals afford housing. More collaboration between the housing and health sectors is needed to promote healthy home environments and to better integrate health care into public housing systems, particularly for those with chronic health needs.

Healthy People 2030 identifies the quality of housing as a key issue in the neighborhood and built environment domain and has a goal to reduce the proportion of families who spend more than 30% of their income on housing.

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